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GIU Essential (Present Perfect 015-020)

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GIU Essential (Present Perfect 015-020)

Unit 015. I have done (present perfect 1)

A

  • His shoes are dirty.
    • He’s cleaning his shoes.
    • He has cleaned his shoes. (= his shoes are clean now)
  • They are at home.
    • They are going out.
    • They have gone out. (= they are not at home now.)

B

has cleaned / have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle)

  • Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (the same as past simple)
  • Irregular verbs: The past participle is not -ed.
    • Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:
      • buy bought bought / have had had
    • Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:
      • break broke broken / see saw seen / fall fell fallen / go went gone

C

We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now

  • I’ve lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now)
  • ‘Where’s Rebecca?’ ‘She’s gone to bed.’ (= she is in bed now)
  • We’ve bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
  • It’s Rachel’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. (= I don’t have a present for her now)
  • ‘Bob is away on holiday.’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?’ (= where is he now?)
  • Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? (= do you need it now?)

Exercise

  • He has cleaned his shoes.
  • She has closed the door.
  • They have gone to bed.
  • It has stopped raininig.
  • He has had a shower.

  • The picture has fallen down.

  • ‘Can I have a look at your newspaper?’ ‘Yes, I’ve finished with it.’
  • ‘I’ve bought some new shoes. Do you want to see them?’
  • ‘Where’s Liz?’ ‘She’s not here. She’s gone out.’
  • ‘I’m looking for Paula. Have you seen her?’
  • Look! Somebody has broken that window.
  • ‘Does Lisa know that you’re going away?’ ‘Yes, I’ve told her.’
  • I can’t find my umbrella. Somebody has taken it.’
  • ‘Where are my glasses?’ ‘I don’t know. I haven’t seen them.’
  • I’m looking for Sarah. Where has she gone?
  • I know that woman, but I’ve forgotten her name.
  • Sue is having a party tonight. She’s invited a lot of people.
  • What are you doing to do? Have you decided?
  • Does Bill know about the meeting tomorrow?
    • I don’t think so. I haven’t told him.
  • ‘Do you want this magazine?’ ‘No, I’ve read it, thanks.’

Unit 016. I’ve just … I’ve already … I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2)

A

  • I’ve just …
    • just = a short time ago
  • Are Diane and Paul here?
    • They’ve just arrived.
  • Are you hungry?
    • No, I’ve just had dinner.
  • Is Tom here?
    • No, I’m afraid he’s just gone. (= he has just gone.)

B

  • I’ve already … ()
    • already = before you expected / before I expected
  • What time are Diane and Paul coming?
    • They’ve already arrived. (= before you expected)
  • It’s only 9 o’clock and Anna has already gone to bed. (= before I expected)
  • Jon, this is Emma.
    • Yes, I know. We’ve already met.

C

  • I haven’t … yet / Have you … yet?
    • yet = until now
    • We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
  • Are Diane and Paul here?
    • No, they haven’t arrived yet.
    • (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon)
  • Does James know that you’re going away?
    • No, I haven’t told him yet.
    • (but B is going to tell him soon)

  • Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn’t worn it yet.

  • Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?
    • No, not yet. We’re still waiting for them.
  • Has Nicole started her new job yet?
    • No, she starts next week.
  • This is my new dress.
    • Oh, it’s nice. Have you worn it yet?

Exercise

  • They’ve just arrived.
  • He’s just got up.
  • They’ve just bought a car.

  • The race has just started.

  • What time is Pual arriving?
    • He’s already arrived.
  • Do your friends want to see the film?
    • No, they’ve already seen it.
  • Don’t forget to phone Tom.
    • I’ve already phoned Tom.
  • When is Martin going away?
    • He’s already gone away.
  • Do you want to read the newspaper?
    • I’ve already read it.
  • When does Sarah start her new job?
    • She’s already started.
  • She hasn’t gone out yet.
  • The bus has just gone.
  • The train hasn’t left yet.
  • He hasn’t opened it yet.
  • They’ve just finished their dinner.

  • It hasn’t stopped raining yet.

  • Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it.
    • Have you started your job yet?
  • Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them.
    • Have you met your new neighbours yet?
  • Your friend may pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it.
    • Have you paid phone bill yet?
  • Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it.
    • Has he sold his car yet?

Unit 017. Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3)

A

  • Have you been to Rome?
    • Yes, I have. Many times.
  • Have you ever been to Japan?
    • No, I’ve never been to Japan.

We use the present perfect (have been / have had / have played etc.) when we talk about a time from the past until now.

  • Have you been to France?
    • No, I haven’t
  • I’ve been to Canada, but I haven’t been to the United States.
  • Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places.
  • I’ve seen that woman before, but I can’t remember where.
  • How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?
  • Have you read this book?
    • Yes, I’ve read it twice.

B

  • Has Ann ever been to Australia?
    • Yes, once.
  • Have you ever played golf?
    • Yes, I play a lot.
  • My sister has never travelled by plane.
  • I’ve never ridden a horse.
  • Who is that man?
    • I don’t know. I’ve never seen him before.

C

  • Where’s Bill?
    • He’s away. He’s gone to Spain. (= he is in Spain now)
  • (two weeks later) Hello, Bill.
    • Hi. I’ve been on holiday. I’ve been to Spain.
    • = He went to Spain, but now he is back
  • I can’t find Susan. Where has she gone? (= where is she now?)
  • Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where have you been?

Exercise

  • Have you ever been to London?
    • No, never.
  • Have you ever played golf?
    • Yes, many times.
  • Have you ever been to Australia?
    • Yes, once.
  • Have you ever lost your passport?
    • No, never
  • Have you ever flown in a helicopter?
    • Yes, a few times.
  • Have you ever won a race?
    • No, never.
  • Have you ever been to New York?
    • Yes, twice
  • Have you ever driven a bus?
    • No, never.
  • Have you ever broken your leg?
    • Yes, once
  • She’s been to New York twice.
  • She’s been to Australia once.
  • She’s never won a race.
  • She’s flown in a helicopter a few times.
  • I’ve never been to New York.
  • I’ve never palyed tennis.
  • I’ve never driven a lorry.

  • I’ve been late for work or school a few times.

  • She has had many different jobs.
  • She has done a lot of interesting things.
  • She has travelled all over the world.
  • She has been married three times.
  • She has written ten books.

  • She has met a lot of interesting people.

  • Bill is on holiday at the moment. He’s gone to Spain.
  • Where’s Jane?
    • She’s not here. I think she’s gone to the bank.
  • Hello, Sue. Where have you been? Have you been to the bank?
  • Have you ever been to Mexico?
    • No, never.
  • My parents aren’t at home at the moment. They’ve gone out.
  • There’s a new restaurant in town. Have you been to it?
  • Rebecca knows Paris well. She’s been there mnay times.
  • Helen was here earlier, but I think she’s gone now.

Unit 018. How long have you … ? (present perfect 4)

A

  • Jane is on holiday in Ireland.
  • She is there now.
  • She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
  • Today is Thursday.
  • How long has she been in Ireland?
    • She has been Ireland since monday.
    • She has been Ireland for three days.

B

  • Dan and Kate are married.
    • They have been married for five years.
    • (not They are married for five years.)
  • Are you married?
    • How long have you been married?
    • (not How long are you married?)
  • Do you know Lisa?
    • How long have you known her?
    • (not How long do you know her?)
  • I know Lisa.
    • I’ve known her for a long time.
    • (not I know her for …)
  • Vicky lives in London.
    • How long has she lived in London?
    • She has lived there all her life.
  • I have a car.
    • How long have you had your car?
    • I’ve had it since April.
  • I’m learning German.
    • How long have you been learning German?
    • (not How long are you learning German?)
    • I’ve been learning German for two years.
  • David is watching TV.
    • How long has he been watching TV?
    • He’s been watching TV since 5 o’clock.
  • It’s raining.
    • It has been raining all day.

Exercise

  • Jane is in Ireland. She has been in Ireland since Monday.
  • I know Lisa. I have known her for a long time.
  • Sarah and Andy are married. They have been married since 1999.
  • Brian is ill. He has been ill for the last few days.
  • We live in Scott Road. We have lived in there for a long time.
  • Catherine works in a bank. She has worked in a bank for five years.
  • Alan has a headache. He has had a haedache since he got up this morning.

  • I’m learning English. I have been learning English for six months.

  • Jane is on holiday.
    • How long has she been on holiday?
  • Scott and Judy are in Brazil.
    • How long have they been in Brazil?
  • I know Amy.
    • How long have you known her?
  • Diana is Learning Italian.
    • How long has she been learning Italian?
  • My brother lives in Canada.
    • How long has he lived in Canada?
  • I’m a teacher.
    • How long have you been a teacher?
  • It is raining.
    • How long has it been raining?
  • They have been married for ten years.
  • She has lived in Wales all her life.
  • They have been on holiday since Sunday.
  • The sun has been shining all day.
  • She has been waiting for ten minutes.

  • He has had a beard since he was 20.

  • Mark has lived in Canada since April.
  • Jane and I are friends. I know her very well.
  • Jane and I are friends. I’ve known her for a long time.
  • Sorry, I’m late. How long have you been waiting?
    • Not long. Only five minutes.
  • Martin works in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot.
  • Ruth is reading the newspaper. She has been reading it for two hours.
  • How long have you lived in this house?
    • About ten years.
  • Is that a new coat?
    • No, I have had this coat for a long time.
  • Tom is in Spain at the moment. He has been there for the last three days.

Unit 019. for / since / go

A

  • We use for and since to say how long:
    • Jane is in Ireland. She has been there (for three days.) or (since Monday.)
  • We use for + a period of time (three days / two years etc.)
    • Richard has been in Canada for six months.
    • We’ve been waiting for two hours.
    • I’ve lived in London for a long time.
  • We use since + the start of the period (Monday / 9 o’clock etc.)
    • Richard has been in Canada since January.
    • We’ve been waiting since 9 o’clock.
    • I’ve lived in London since I was ten years old.

B

  • ago = before now:
    • Susan started her new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now)
    • ‘When did Tom go out?’ ‘Ten minutes ago.’ (= ten minutes before now)
    • I had dinner an hour ago.
    • Life was very different a hundred years ago.

  • We use ago with the past (started/did/has/was etc.)

  • Compare ago and for:
    • When did Jane arrive in Ireland?
      • She arrived in Ireland three days ago.
    • How long has she been in Ireland?
      • She has been in Ireland for three days.

Exercise

  • Jane has been in Ireland since Monday.
  • Jane has been in Ireland for three days.
  • My aunt has lived in Australia for 15 years.
  • Jennifer is in her office. She has been there since 7 o’clock.
  • India has been an independent country since 1947.
  • The bus is late. We’ve been waiting for 20 minutes.
  • Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty for many years.

  • Michael has been ill for a long time. He has been in hospital since October.

  • When was your last meal?
    • Three hours ago.
  • When was the last time you were ill?
    • Three months ago.
  • When did you last go to the cinema?
    • A month ago.
  • When was the last time you were in a car?
    • Six days ago.
  • When was the last time you went on holiday?
    • A month ago.
  • Jane arrived in Ireland three days ago.
  • Jane has been in Ireland for three days.
  • Lynn and Mark have been married for 20 years.
  • Lynn and Mark got married 20 years ago.
  • Dan arrived an hour ago.
  • I bought these shoes a few days ago.
  • Silvia has been learning English for six months.

  • Have you known Lisa for a long time?

  • Jane is in Ireland - she arrived there three days ago.
    • Jane has been in Ireland for three days.
  • Jack is here - he arrived on Tuesday.
    • Jas has been here since Tuesday.
  • It’s raining - it started an hour ago.
    • It’s been raining for an hour.
  • I know Sue - I first met her in 2002.
    • I have known Sue since 2002.
  • Claire and Matthew are married - they got married six months ago.
    • Claire and Matthew have been married for six months.
  • Liz is studying medicine at university - she started three years ago.
    • Liz has been studying medicine for three years.
  • David plays the piano - he started when he was seven years old.
    • David has played the piano since he was seven years old.
  • I’ve lived in this town for three years.
  • I’ve been in this lab for 2 weeks.
  • I’ve been learning Speak for 2 weeks.
  • I’ve known Yang since 2019.
  • I’ve had my laptop for 3 weeks.

Unit 020. I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)

A

With a finished time (yesterday / last week etc.), we use the past (arrived/saw/was etc.)

  • Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have been etc.) with a finished time
    • I saw Paula yesterday.
    • Where were you on Sunday afternoon?
    • We didn’t have a holiday last year.
    • What did you do last night?
      • I stayed at home.
    • William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems.
  • Use the past to ask When …? or What time …?
    • When did you buy your computer?
    • What time did Andy go out?

B

  • present perfect
    • I have lost my key. (= I can’t fint it now)
    • Ben has hone home. (= he isn’t here now)
    • Have you seen Kate? (= where is she now?)
    • Have you ever been to Spain? (= in your life, until now)
    • My friend is a writer. He has written many books.
    • The letter hasn’t arrived yet.
    • We’ve lived in Singapore for six years. (= we live there now)
  • past
    • I lost my key last week.
    • Ben went home ten minutes ago.
    • Did you see Kate on Saturday?
    • Did you go to Spain last year?
    • Shakespeare wrote many plays and poems.
    • The letter didn’t arrive yesterday.
    • We lived in Glasgow for six years, but now we live in Singapore.

Exercise

  • Have you seen Kate?
    • Yes, I saw her five minutes ago.
  • Have you started your new job?
    • Yes, I started it last week.
  • Have you friends arrived?
    • Yes, they arrived at 5 o’clock.
  • Has Sarah gone away?
    • Yes, she went away on Friday.
  • Have you worn your new suit?
    • Yes, I wore it yesterday.
  • I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it.
  • Did you see Kate yesterday?
  • I finished my work at 2 o’clock.
  • I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work.
  • What time did you finish your work?
  • Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out.
  • Steve’s grandmother died two years ago.

  • Where were you last night?

  • My friend is a writer. He has written many books.
  • We didn’t have a holiday last year.
  • I played tennis yesterday afternoon.
  • What time did you go to bed last night?
  • Have you ever met a famous person?
  • The weather wasn’t very good yesterday.
  • Kathy travels a lot. She has visited many conutries.
  • I switched off the light before going out this morning.
  • I live in New York now, but I lived in Mexico for many years.
  • What’s Canada like? Is it beautiful?
    • I don’t know. I haven’t been there.
  • Have you ever been to Florida?
    • Yes, we went there on holiday two years ago.
  • Did you have a good time?
    • Yes, it was great.
  • Where’s Alan? Have you seen him?
    • Yes, he went out a few minutes ago.
  • And Rachel?
    • I don’t know. I haven’t seen her.

  • Rose works in a factory. She has worked there for six months. Before that she was a waitress in a restaurant. She worked there for two years, but she didn’t enjoy it very much.

  • Do you know Martin’s sister?
    • I’ve seen her a few times, but I’ve never spoken to her. Have you ever spoken to her?
  • Yes, I met her at a party last week. She’s very nice.
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