GIU Essential (Auxiliary verbs 040-043)

Unit 040. I am, I don’t etc.

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A

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• She isn’t tired, but he is.
• He likes tea, but she doesn’t

In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat some words.

You can use these verbs in the same way:

• am/is/are
• was/were
• have/has
• do/does/did

• can/will/might/must

• I haven’t got a car, but my sister has.
• Please help me.
  • I’m sorry, I can’t.
• Are you tired?
  • I was, but I’m not now.
• Do you think Jane will phone this evening?
  • She might.
• Are you going now?
  • Yes, I afraid I must.

You cannot use ‘m/’s/’ve etc. (short forms) in this way. You must use am/is/have etc.:

• She isn’t tired, but he is. (not … but he’s)

But you can use isn’t / haven’t / won’t etc. (negative short forms):

• My sister has got a car, but I haven’t.
• Are you and Jane working tomorrow?
  • I am, but Jane isn’t.

B

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You can use I am / I’m not etc. after Yes and No:

• Are you tired?
  • Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
• Will Alan be here tomorrow?
  • Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.
• Is there a bus to the airport?
  • Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.

C

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We use do/does for the present simple:

• I don’t like hot weather, but Sue does.
• Sue works hard, but I don’t.
• Do you enjoy your work?
  • Yes, I do.

We use did for the past simple:

• Did you and Chris enjoy the film?
  • I did, but Chris didn’t.
• I had a good time.
  • I did too.
• Did it rain yesterday?
  • No, it didn’t.

Exercise

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• Kate wasn’t hungry, but we were.
• I’m not married, but my brother is.
• Bill can’t help you, but I can.
• I haven’t seen the film, but Tom has.
• Karen won’t be here, but Chris will.

• You weren’t late, but I was.

• My sister can play the piano, but I can’t.
• Sam is working today, but I’m not.
• I was working, but my friends weren’t.
• Mark has been to China, but I haven’t.
• I’m ready to go, but Tom isn’t.

• I’ve got a key, but Sally hasn’t.

• I don’t like hot weather, but Sue does.
• Sue likes hot weather, but I don’t.
• My mother wears glasses, but my father doesn’t.
• You don’t know Paul very well, but I do.
• I didn’t enjoy the party, but my friends did.
• I don’t watch TV much, but Peter does.
• Kate lives in London, but her parents don’t.

• You had breakfast this morning, but I didn’t.

• Are you tired?
  • I was earlier, but I’m not now.
• Steve is happy today, but he wasn’t yesterday.
• The post office isn’t open yet, but the shops are.
• I haven’t got a telescope, but I know somebody who has.
• I would like to help you, but I’m afraid I can’t.
• I don’t usually go to work by car, but I did yesterday.
• Have ever been to the United States?
  • No, but Sandra has. She went there on holiday last year.
• Do you and Chris watch TV a lot? I do, but Chris doesn’t.
• I’ve been invited Sam’s wedding, but Kate hasn’t.
• Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test?
  • Yes, I’m sure she will.
• Are you going out tonight?
  • I might. I don’t know for sure.
• Are you American?
  • No, I’m not.
• Have you got a car?
  • No, I haven’t.
• Do you feel OK?
  • No, I don’t.
• Is it snowing?
  • No, it isn’t.
• Are you hungry?
  • Yes, I am.
• Do you like classical music?
  • Yes, I do.
• Will you be in Paris tomorrow?
  • No, I won’t.
• Have you ever broken your arm?
  • No, I haven’t.
• Did you buy anything yesterday?
  • Yes, I did.
• Were you asleep at 3 a.m.?
  • Yes, I was.

Unit 041. Have you? Are you? Don’t you? etc.

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A

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• I’ve bought a new car.
  • Oh, have you?
• I’m writing a book.
  • Are you really? What about?
• I don’t like George.
  • Don’t you? Why not?

You can say have you? / is it? / can’t he? etc. to show that you are interested or surprised:

• You are late.
  • Oh, am I? I’m sorry.
• I was ill last week.
  • Were you? I didn’t know that.
• It’s raining again.
  • Is it? It was sunny ten minutes ago.
• There’s a letter for you.
  • Is there? Where is it?
• Bill can’t drive.
  • Can’t he? I didn’t know that.
• I’m not hungry.
  • Aren’t you? I am.
• Sue isn’t at work today.
  • Isn’t she? Is she ill?

Use do/does for the present simple, and did for the past simple:

• I speak four languages.
  • Do you? Which ones?
• Tim doesn’t eat meat.
  • Doesn’t he? Does he eat fish?
• Nicole got married last week.
  • Did she? Really?

B

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You can use have you? / is it? / can’t she? etc. at the end of a sentence.

These ‘mini-questions’ are question tags.

positive sentence -> negative question tag

• It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
  • Yes, it’s perfect.
• Sally lives in London, doesn’t she?
  • Yes, that’s right.
• You closed the window, didn’t you?
  • Yes, I think so.
• Those shoes are nice, aren’t they?
  • Yes, very nice.
• Tom will be here soon, won’t he?
  • Yes, probably.

negative sentence -> positive question tag

• That isn’t your car, is it?
  • No, it’s mother’s.
• You haven’t met my mother, have you?
  • No, I haven’t.
• Sally doesn’t go out much, does she?
  • No, she doesn’t.
• You won’t be late, will you?
  • No, I’m never late.

Exercise

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• I speak four languages.
  • Do you? Which ones?
• I work in a bank.
  • Do you? I work in a bank too.
• I didn’t go to work yesterday.
  • Didn’t you? Were you ill?
• Jane doesn’t like me.
  • Doesn’t she? Why not?
• You look tired.
  • Do I? I feel fine.
• Kate phoned me last night.
  • Did she? What did she say?
• I’ve bought a new car.
  • Have you? What make is it?
• Tim doesn’t eat meat.
  • Doesn’t he? Does he eat fish?
• I’ve lost my key.
  • Have you? When did you last have it?
• Sue can’t drive.
  • Can’t she? She should learn.
• I was born in Italy.
  • Were you? I didn’t know that.
• I didn’t sleep well last night.
  • Didn’t you? Was the bed uncomfortable?
• There’s a film on TV tonight.
  • Is there? Are you going to watch it?
• I’m not happy.
  • Aren’t you? Why not?
• I saw Paula last week.
  • Did you? How is she?
• Maria works in a factory.
  • Does she? What kind of factory?
• I won’t be here next week.
  • Won’t you? Where will you be?
• The clock isn’t working.
  • Isn’t it? It was working yesterday.
• It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?
  • Yes, it’s perfect.
• These flowers are nice, aren’t they?
  • Yes, what are they?
• Jane was at the party, wasn’t she?
  • Yes, but I didn’t speak to her.
• You’ve been to Paris, haven’t you?
  • Yes, many times.
• You speak German, don’t you?
  • Yes, but not very well.
• Martin looks tired, doesn’t he?
  • Yes, he works very hard.
• You’ll help me, won’t you?
  • Yes, of course I will.
• You haven’t got a car, have you?
  • No, I can’t drive.
• You aren’t tired, are you?
  • No, I feel fine.
• Lisa is a very nice person, isn’t she?
  • Yes, everybody likes her.
• You can play the piano, can’t you?
  • Yes, but I’m not very good.
• You don’t know Mike’s sister, do you?
  • No, I’ve never met her.
• Sarah went to university, didn’t she?
  • Yes, she studied psychology.
• The film wasn’t very good, was it?
  • No, it was terrible.
• Anna lives near you, doesn’t she?
  • That’s right. In the same street.
• You won’t tell anybody what I said, will you?
  • No, of course not.

Unit 042. too/either so am I / neither do I etc.

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A

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too and either

• I’m happy.
  • I’m happy too.
• I’m not happy.
  • I’m not happy either.

We use too and either at the end of a sentence.

We use too after a positive verb:

• I’m happy.
  • I’m happy too.
• I enjoyed the film.
  • I enjoyed it too.
• Jane is a doctor. Her husband is a doctor too.

We use either after a negative verb:

• I’m not happy.
  • I’m not happy either.
    • (not I’m not … too.)
  • I can’t cook.
    • I can’t either.
  • Bill doesn’t watch TV. He doesn’t read newspapers either.

B

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so am I / neither do I etc.

• I’m happy.
  • So am I.
• I’m not happy.
  • Neither do I.

so am I = I am too so I have = I have too (etc.)

• I’m working.
  • So am I. (= I’m working too)
• I was late for work today.
  • So was Sam. (= Sam was late too)
• I work in a bank.
  • So do I.
• We went to the cinema last night.
  • Did you? So did we.
• I’d like to go to Australia.
  • So would I.

neither am I = I’m not either neither can I = I can’t either (etc.)

• I haven’t got a key.
  • Neither have I. (I haven’t either)
• Kate can’t cook.
  • Neither can Tom.
• I won’t be here tomorrow.
  • Neither will I.
• I never go to the cinema.
  • Neither do I.

You can also use Nor (=Neither):

• I’m not married.
  • Nor am I. or Neither am I.

Exercise

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• I’m happy.
  • I’m happy too.
• I’m not hungry.
  • I’m not hungry either.
• I’m going out.
  • I’m going out too.
• It rained on Saturday.
  • It rained on Sunday too.
• Jenny can’t drive a car.
  • She can’t ride a bicycle either.
• I don’t like shopping.
  • I don’t like shopping either.
• Emma’s mother is a teacher.
  • Her father is a teacher too.
• I went to bed late last night.
  • So did I.
• I’m thirsty.
  • So am I.
• I’ve just had dinner.
  • So have I.
• I need a holiday.
  • So do I.
• I’ll be late tomorrow.
  • So will I.
• I was very tired this morning.
  • So was I.
• I can’t go to the party.
  • Neither can I.
• I didn’t phone Alex last night.
  • Neither did I.
• I haven’t got any money.
  • Neither have I.
• I’m not going out tomorrow.
  • Netiher am I.
• I don’t know what to do.
  • Neither do I.
• I’m learning English.
  • So am I.
• I can ride a bicycle.
  • So can I.
• I’m not American.
  • Neither am I.
• I like cooking.
  • I don’t.
• I don’t like cold weather.
  • Neither do I.
• I slept well last night.
  • So did I.
• I’ve never been to Scotland.
  • Neither have I.
• I don’t use my phone much.
  • I do.
• I’m going out tomorrow evening.
  • So am I.
• I haven’t got a headache.
  • I have.
• I didn’t watch TV last night.
  • Neither did I.
• I go to the cinema a lot.
  • I don’t.

Unit 043. isn’t, haven’t, don’t etc. (negatives)

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A

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We use not (n’t) in negative sentences.

• I’m not tired.
• It’s not raining.
• They’re not here.
• Julian wasn’t hungry.
• The shops weren’t open.
• I haven’t finished my work.
• Sue hasn’t got a car.
• We won’t be here tomorrow.
• George can’t drive.
• I couldn’t sleep last night.
• I mustn’t forget to phone Jane.
• You shouldn’t work so hard.
• I wouldn’t like to be an actor.

B

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• I want to go out.
  • I don’t want to go out.
• They work hard.
  • They don’t work hard.
• Liz plays the guitar.
  • Liz doesn’t play the guitar.
• My father likes his job.
  • My father doesn’t like his job.
• I got up early this morning.
  • I didn’t get up early this morning.
• They worked hard yesterday.
  • They didn’t work hard yesterday.
• We played tennis.
  • We didn’t play tennis.
• Diane had dinner with us.
  • Diane didn’t have dinner with us.
• Look!
  • Don’t look!
• Wait for me.
  • Don’t wait for me.

Sometimes do is the main verb:

• Do something!
  • Don’t do anything!
• Sue does a lot at weekends.
  • Sue doesn’t do much at weekends.
• I did what you said.
  • I didn’t do what you said.

Exercise

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• He’s gone away.
  • He hasn’t gone away.
• They’re married.
  • They’re not married.
• I’ve had dinner.
  • I haven’t had dinner.
• It’s cold today.
  • It’s not cold today.
• We’ll be late.
  • We won’t be late.
• You should go.
  • You shouldn’t go.
• She saw me.
  • She didn’t see me.
• I like cheese.
  • I don’t like cheese.
• They understood.
  • They didn’t understand.
• He lives here.
  • He doesn’t live here.
• Go away!
  • Don’t go away!
• I did the shopping.
  • I didn’t do the shopping.
• She can swim.
  • She can’t swim.
• They’ve arrived.
  • They haven’t arrived.
• I went to the bank.
  • I didn’t go to the bank.
• He speaks German.
  • He doesn’t speak German.
• We were angry.
  • We weren’t angry.
• He’ll be pleased.
  • He won’t be pleased.
• Phone me tonight.
  • Don’t phone me tonight.
• It rained yesterday.
  • It didn’t rain yesterday.
• I could hear them.
  • I couldn’t hear them.
• I believe you.
  • I don’t believe you.
• They aren’t rich. They haven’t got much money.
• Would you like something to eat?
  • No, thank you. I’m not hungry.
• I can’t find my glasses. Have you seen them?
• Steve doesn’t like use email much. He prefers to talk on the phone.
• We can walk to the station from here. It isn’t very far.
• Where’s Jane?
  • I don’t know. I haven’t seen her today.
• Be careful! Don’t fall!
• We went to the cinema last night. I didn’t like the film very much.
• I’ve been to Japan many times, but I haven’t been to Korea.
• Julia won’t be here tomorrow. She’s going away.
• Who broke the window?
  • Not me. I didn’t do it.
• We didn’t see what happened. We weren’t looking at the time.
• Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago, but she hasn’t worn it yet.

• You don’t drive so fast. It’s dangerous.

• Are you married?
  • No. (He isn’t married.)
• Do you live in London?
  • Yes. (He lives in London.)
• Were you born in London?
  • No. (He wasn’t born in London.)
• Do you like London?
  • No. (He doesn’t like London.)
• Would you like to live in the country?
  • Yes. (He would like to live in the country.)
• Can you drive?
  • Yes. (He can drive.)
• Have you got a car?
  • No. (He hasn’t got a car.)
• Do you read newspapers?
  • No. (He doesn’t read newspapers.)
• Are you interested in politics?
  • No. (He’s not intersted in politics.)
• Do you watch TV most evenings?
  • Yes. (He watches TV most evenings.)
• Did you watch TV last night?
  • No. (He didn’t watch TV last night.)
• Did you go out last night?
  • Yess (He went out last night.)