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GIU Essential (Adjectives and Adverbs 085-092)

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GIU Essential (Adjectives and Adverbs 085-092)

Unit 085. old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)

A

adjective + noun

  • It’s a nice day today.
  • Laura has got brown eyes.
  • There’s a very old bridge in this village.
  • Do you like Italian food?
  • I don’t speak any foreign languages.
  • There are some beautiful yellow flowers in the garden.

The adjective is before the noun:

  • They live in a modern house.
  • Have you met any famous people?

The ending of an adjective is always the same:

  • a different place, different places

B

be (am/is/was etc.) + adjective

  • The weather is nice today.
  • These flowers are very beautiful.
  • Are you cold? Shall I close the window?
  • I’m hungry. Can I have something to eat?
  • The film wasn’t very good. It was boring.
  • Please be quiet. I’m reading.

C

look/feel/smell/taste/sound + adjective

  • You look tired.
  • I feel tired.
  • You sound happy.
  • It smells good.
  • It tastes good.
  • Gary told me about his new job. It sounds very interesting.
  • I’m not going to eat this fish. It doesn’t smell good.

Exercise

  • They live in a new house.
  • I like that green jacket.
  • Do you like classical music?
  • I had a wonderful holiday.

  • We went a Japanese restaurant.

  • Do you speak any foreign languages?
  • Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
  • Sue works very hard, and she’s very tired. She needs a long holiday.
  • I would like to have a shower, but there’s no hot water.
  • Can you open the window? We need some fresh air.
  • I need a sharp knife to cut these onions.

  • Fire-fighting is a dangerous job.

  • You sound happy.
  • It looks new.
  • I feel ill.
  • You look surprised.
  • They smell nice.

  • It tastes horrible.

  • You look tired.
    • Do I? I don’t feel tired.
  • This is a new coat.
    • Is it? It doesn’t look new.
  • I’m American.
    • Are you? You don’t sound American.
  • You look cold.
    • Do I? I don’t feel cold.
  • These bags are heavy.
    • Are they? They don’t look heavy.
  • That soup looks good.
    • Maybe, but it doesn’t taste good.

Unit 086. quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)

A

  • He ate his dinner very quickly.
  • Suddenly the shelf fell down.
  • quickly, badly, suddenly, carefully, heavily etc.

B

Adverbs tell you how something happens or how somebody does something:

  • The train stopped suddenly.
  • I opened the door slowly.
  • Please listen carefully.
  • I understand you perfectly.

Compare:

  • adjective
    • Sue is very quiet.
    • Be carefull!
    • It was a bad game.
    • I felt nervous. (= I was nervous)
  • adverb
    • Sue speaks very quietly.
    • Listen carefully!
    • Our team played badly.
    • I waited nervously.

C

These words are adjectives and adverbs:

  • hard fast late early
  • Sue’s job is very hard.
    • Sue works very hard.
  • Ben is a very fast runner.
    • Ben can run fast.
  • The bus was late/early.
    • I went to bed late/early.

D

good (adjective) -> well (adverb)

  • Your English is very good.
  • It was a good game.
  • You speak English very well.
  • Our team played well.

But well is also an adjective (= not ill, in good health)

  • How are you?
    • I’m very well, thank you. And you?

Exercises

  • It’s raining heavily.
  • He sings very badly.
  • They came in quietly.
  • She shouted at me angrily.
  • She can run very fast.

  • He was driving dangerously.

  • I’m going to tell you something very important, so please listen carefully.
  • They work hard. At the end of the day they’re always tired.
  • I’m tired this morning. I didn’t sleep well last night.
  • You play tennis much better than me. When you play, you always win easily.
  • Think carefully before you answer the question.
  • I’ve met Alice a few times, but I don’t know her very well.
  • Our teacher doesn’t explain things very clearly. We never understand him.

  • Helen! I need you help. Come quickly!

  • Don’t eat so quickly. It’s not good for you.
  • Why are you angry? I haven’t done anything.
  • Can you speak slowly, please?
  • Comeo on, Dave! Why are you always so slow?
  • Bill is a very careful driver.
  • Jane is studying hard for her examinations.
  • Where’s Diane?
    • She was here, but she left suddenly.
  • Please be quiet. I’m studying.
  • Some companies pay their workers very badly.
  • Those oranges look nice. Can I have one?

  • I don’t remember much about the accident. Everything happend quickly.

  • Your English is very good. You speak it very well.
  • Jackie did very well in her exams.
  • The party was very good. I enjoyed it very much.
  • Martin has a difficult job, but he does it well.
  • How are your parents? Are they well?
  • Did you have a good holiday? Was the weather good?

Unit 087. old/older expensive/more expensive

A

Older / heavier / more expensive are comparative forms. The comparative is -er or more …

B

Short words -> -er:

  • older, slower, cheaper, nicer, later, bigger

Words ending in -y -> -ier:

  • easier, heavier, earlier

  • Rome is old, but Athens is older.
  • Is it cheaper to go by car or by train?
  • Helen wants a bigger car.
  • This coat is OK, but I think the other one is nicer.
  • Don’t take the bus. It’s easier to take a taxi.

far -> further:

  • How far is it to the station? A mile?
    • No, it’s further. About two miles.

C

Long words (2/3/4 syllables) -> more …:

  • more careful, more polite, more expensive, more interesting
  • You must be more careful.
  • I don’t like my job. I want to do something more interesting.
  • Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?

D

good/well -> better bad -> worse

  • The weather wasn’t very good yesterday, but it’s better today.
  • Do you feel better today?
    • No, I feel worse.
  • Which is worse - a headache or a toothache?

Exercises

  • heavier, bigger, slower, more expensive, higher, more dangerous

  • older, stronger, happier, more modern, more important, better, larger, more serious, prettier, more crowded.

  • younger / older
  • coler / hotter
  • cheaper / more expensive
  • better / worse
  • nearer / further

  • easier / more difficult

  • Helen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger one.
  • My job isn’t very interesting. I want to do something more interesting.
  • You’re not very tall. Your brother is taller.
  • David doesn’t work very hard. I work harder.
  • My chair isn’t very comrfortable. Yours is more comfortable.
  • Your idea isn’t very good. My idea is better.
  • These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are nicer.
  • My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag is heavier.
  • I’m not very interested in art. I’m more interested in history.
  • It isn’t very warm today. It was warmer yesterday.
  • These tomatoes don’t taste very good. The other ones tasted better.
  • Britain isn’t very big. France is bigger.
  • London isn’t very beautiful. Paris is more beautiful.
  • This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a shaper one?
  • People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were more polite.
  • The weather isn’t too bad today. Often it is much worse.

Unit 088. older than … more expensive than …

A

We use than after comparatives (older than … / more expensive than … etc.):

  • Athens is older than Rome.
  • Are oranges more expensive than bananas?
  • It’s easier to take a taxi than to take the bus.
  • How are you today?
    • Not bad. Better than yesterday.
  • The restaurant is more crowded than usual.

B

We usually say: than me / than him / than her / than us / than them.

  • I can run faster than him.
    • I can run faster than he can.
  • You are a better singer than me.
    • You are a better singer than I am.
  • I got up earlier than her.
    • I got up earlier than she did.

C

  • How much did your shoes cost? $50?
    • No, more than that.
  • The film was very short - less than an hour.
  • They’ve got more money than they need.
  • You go out more than me.

D

  • Box A is a bit bigger than Box B.
  • Box C is much bigger than Box D.
  • Canada is much bigger than France.
  • Sue is a bit older than Gary - she’s 25 and he’s 24.
  • The hotel was much more expensive than I expected.
  • You go out much more than me.

Exercises

  • Liz is older than Ben.
  • Ben is a better swimmer than Liz.
  • Liz is taller than Ben.
  • Liz starts work earlier than Ben.
  • Ben works harder than Liz.
  • Ben has got more money than Liz.
  • Liz is a better driver than Ben.
  • Ben is more patient than Liz.
  • Ben is a better dancer than Liz.
  • Liz is more intelligent than Ben.
  • Liz speaks French better than Ben.

  • Ben goes to the cinema more than Liz.

  • He isn’t very tall. You’re taller than him.
  • She isn’t very old. You’re older than her.
  • I don’t work very hard. You work harder than me.
  • He doesn’t watch TV very much. You watch TV more than him.
  • I’m not a very good cook. You are a better cook than me.
  • We don’t know many people. You know more people than us.
  • They haven’t got much money. You have got more money than them.
  • I can’t run very fast. You can run faster than me.
  • She hasn’t been here very long. You have been here longer than her.
  • They didn’t get up very early. You got up earlier than them.

  • He wasn’t very surprised. You were more surprised than him.

  • Emma is a bit older than Gary.
  • Jack’s mother is much younger than his father.
  • My camera costs a bit more than yours.
  • I feel much better than yesterday.
  • It’s a bit warmer than yesterday.
  • Sarah is a much better tennis player than me.
    • Sarah plays tennis much better than me.

Unit 089. not as … as

A

not as … as

  • She’s old, but she’s not as old as he is.

  • Box A isn’t as big as Box B.

  • Rome isn’t as old as Athens.
  • The Grand Hotel isn’t as expensive as the Europa.
  • I don’t play tennis as often as you.
  • The weather is better than it was yesterday. It isn’t as cold. (= as cold as it was yesterday)

B

not as much as … / not as many as …

  • I haven’t got as much money as you.
  • I don’t know as many people as you.
  • I don’t go out as much as you.

C

Compare not as … as and than:

  • Rome is not as old as Athens.
    • Athens is older than Rome.
  • Tennis isn’t as popular as football.
    • Football is more popular than tennis.
  • I don’t go out as much as you.
    • You go out more than me.

D

  • She’s not as old as him.
    • She’s not as old as he is.
  • You don’t work as hard as me.
    • You don’t work as hard as I do.

E

We say the same as …

  • The weather today is the same as yesterday.
  • My hair is the same colour as yours.
  • I arrived at the same time as Tim.

Exercises

  • A is bigger than C, but not as big as B.
  • A is longer than B, but not as long as C.
  • C is heavier than A, but not as heavy as B.
  • A is older than C, but not as old as B.
  • B has got more money than C, but not as much as A.

  • C works harder than A, but not as hard as B.

  • Athens is older than Rome.
    • Rome isn’t as old as Athens.
  • My room is bigger than yours.
    • Your room isn’t as big as mine.
  • You got up earlier than me.
    • I didn’t get up as early as you.
  • We played better than them.
    • They didn’t play as well as us.
  • I’ve been here longer than you.
    • You haven’t been here as long as me.
  • She’s more nervous than him.
    • He isn’t as nervous as her.
  • Athens is older than Rome.
  • I don’t watch TV as much as you.
  • You eat more than me.
  • I’m more tired today than I was yesterday.
  • Joe isn’t as intelligent as he thinks.
  • Belgium is smaller than Switzerland.
  • Brazil isn’t as big as Canada.

  • I can’t wait longer than an hour.

  • Andy is the same age as Laura.
  • Julia lives in the same street as Laura.
  • Julia got up at the same time as Andy.
  • Andy’s car is the same colour as Laura.

Unit 090. the oldest the most expensive

A

  • Box A is bigger than Box B.
  • Box A is bigger than all the other boxes.

  • Box A is the biggest box.

  • The Europa Hotel is more expensive than the Grand.
  • The Europa Hotel is more expensive than all the other hotels in the city.
  • The Europa is the most expensive hoel in the city.

C

We say the oldest … / the most expensive … etc. (with the):

  • The church is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
    • It is older than all the other buildings in the town.
  • What is the longest river in the world?
  • Money is important, but it isn’t the most important thing in life.
  • Excuse me, where is the most nearest bank?

D

You can use the oldest / the best / the most expensive etc. without a noun:

  • Ken is a good player, but he isn’t the best in the team.
    • (the best = the best player)

E

You can use superlative + I’ve ever … / you’ve ever … etc.:

  • The film was very bad. I think it’s the worst film I’ve ever seen.
  • What is the most unusual thing you’ve ever done?

Exercise

  • A is bigger than D.
  • A is the biggest.

  • B is the smallest.

  • C is longer than A.
  • D is the longest.

  • B is the shortest.

  • D is younger than C.
  • B is the youngest.

  • C is the oldest.

  • D is more expensive than A.
  • C is the mose expensive.

  • A is the cheapest.

  • A is better than C.
  • A is the best.

  • D is the worst.

  • This building is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
  • It was a very happy day. It was the happiest day of my life.
  • It’s a very good film. It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.
  • She’s very popular singer. She’s the most popular singer in the country.
  • It was a very bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I’ve ever made.
  • It’s a very pretty village. It’s the prettiest village I’ve ever seen.
  • It was a very cold day. It was the coldest day of the year.

  • He’s a very boring person. He’s the most boring person I’ve ever met.

  • Sydney is the largest city in Australia.
  • Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
  • Brazil is the largest country in South America.
  • Alaska is the largest state in the USA.
  • The Nile is the longest river in Africa.
  • Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.

Unit 091. enough

A

  • I’ve got only three pounds - not enough for a taxi.
    • She isn’t going to take a taxi.
    • She hasn’t got enough money.
  • He can’t reach the shelf.
    • He isn’t tall enough.

B

  • enough + noun
    • Is there enough milk in your coffee?
      • Yes, thank you.
    • We wanted to play football, but we didn’t have enough players.
    • Why don’t you buy a car? You’ve got enough money.
  • enough without a noun
    • I’ve got some money, but not enough to buy a car. (I need more money to buy a car)
    • Would you like some more to eat?
      • No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
    • You’re always at home. You don’t go out enough.

C

adjective + enough (good enough / tall enough etc.)

  • Shall we sit outside?
    • No, it isn’t warm enough.
  • Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?
  • Don’t buy that coat. It’s nice, but it isn’t long enough.

Remember: enough + noun but adjective + enough

D

enough for somebody/something

  • This pullover isn’t big enough for me.
  • I haven’t got enough money for a new car.
  • I haven’t got enough money to buy a new car.
  • Is your English good enough to have a conversation?
  • There aren’t enough chairs for everybody to sit down.

Exercise

  • She hasn’t got enough money.
  • There aren’t enough chairs.
  • She hasn’t got enough paint.

  • There isn’t enough wind.

  • He isn’t tall enough.
  • The car isn’t big enough.
  • His legs aren’t long enough.

  • He isn’t strong enough.

  • Is there enough milk in your coffee?
    • Yes, thank you.
  • Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?
  • He can leave school if he wants - he’s old enough.
  • When I visited New York last year, I didn’t have enough time to see all the things I wanted to see.
  • This house isn’t big enough for a large family.
  • Tina is very thin. She doesn’t eat enough.
  • My office is very small. There isn’t enough space.
  • It’s late, but I don’t want to go to bed now. I’m not tired enough.

  • Lisa isn’t a very good tennis player because she doesn’t practise enough.

  • We haven’t got enough money to buy a new car.
  • This knife isn’t sharp enough to cut tomatoes.
  • The water wasn’t warm enough to go swimming.
  • Have we got enough bread to make sandwiches?
  • We played well, but not well enough to win the game.
  • I don’t have enough time to read newspapers.
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